Gross Motor	Mean age	Normal Range
Head steady at shoulder	2 months	1 to 4 months
In prone head up with extended arms	4 months	3 to 6 months
Rolling front to back	4 months	3 to 6 months
Rolling back to front	5 months	4 to 7 months
Sitting with support	5 months	4 to 7 months
Sitting independently	6 months	5 to 9 months
Crawling hands and knees	8 months	6 to 11 months
Pulls to a stand	9 months	6 to 12 months
Walking	12 months	9 to 17 months
Running	15 months	13 to 20 months
Climbs stairs with alternating feet	30 months	28 to 36 months

 

Fine Motor/Adaptive	Mean	Normal Range
Unfisted	3 months	0 to 4 months
Bats at objects	3 months	2 to 5 months
Neat pincer	9 months	7 to 10 months
Spoon feeds	15 months	12 to 18 months
Imitates housework	18 months	14 to 24 months
Undresses self	36 months	30 to 40 months
Toilet training		24 to 36 months

 

Social/Emotional	Mean	Normal Range
Social smile	5-6 weeks	1 to 3 months
Object permanence	9 months	6 to 12 months
Uses mother as secure base	12 months	9 to 18 months
Independence	18 months	12 to 36 months
Cooperative play	36 months	24 to 48 months

 

 

Language	Mean	Normal Range
Cooing	3 months	1 to 4 months
Laugh	4 months	3 to 6 months
Dada/mama non-specifically	8 months	6 to 10 months
Gesture games	9 months	7 to 12 months
Understands no,	10 months	9 to 18 months
Mama/dada specifically	10 months	9 to 14 month
One step command w/out a gesture	15 months	12 to 20 months
Points to body parts	18 months	12 to 24 months
Mature jargoning	18 months	16 to 24 months
Puts two words together	24 months	20 to 30 months
States first name	34 months	30 to 40 months
Pronouns appropriately	36 months	30 to 42 months

 

 

1 month old- By the end of their first month, most babies:

• Make jerky, quivering arm movements
• Bring hands near face
• Keep hands in tight fists
• Move head from side to side while lying on stomach
• Focus on objects 8 to 12 inches away
• Prefer human faces over other shapes
• Prefer black-and-white or high-contrast patterns
• Hear very well
• Recognize some sounds, including parents’ voices

 

3 months old - By the end of their third month, most babies:

• Raise head and chest when lying on stomach
• Support upper body with arms when lying on stomach
• Stretch legs out and kick when lying on stomach or back
• Push down on legs when feet are placed on a firm surface
• Open and shut hands
• Bring hands to mouth
• Grab and shake hand toys
• Follow moving object with eyes
• Watch faces closely
• Recognize familiar objects and people at a distance
• Start using hands and eyes in coordination
• Begin to babble and to imitate some sounds
• Smile at the sound of parents’ voices
• Enjoy playing with other people
• May cry when playing stops

 

7 months old-By the end of their seventh month, most babies:

• Roll over both ways (stomach to back and back to stomach)
• Sit up
• Reach for object with hand
• Transfer objects from one hand to the other
• Support whole weight on legs when held upright
• Develop full-color vision and mature distance vision
• Use voice to express joy and displeasure
• Respond to own name
• Babble chains of consonants (ba-ba-ba-ba)
• Distinguish emotions by tone of voice
• Explore objects with hands and mouth
• Struggle to get objects that are out of reach
• Enjoy playing peek-a-boo
• Show an interest in mirror images

 

1 year old- By their first birthday, most babies:

• Sit without assistance
• Get into hands-and-knees position
• Crawl
• Pull self up to stand
• Walk holding onto furniture, and possibly a few steps without support
• Use pincer grasp (thumb and forefinger)
• Say “dada” and “mama”
• Use exclamations, such as “oh-oh!”
• Try to imitate words
• Respond to “no” and simple verbal requests
• Use simple gestures, such as shaking head “no” and waving bye-bye
• Explore objects in many ways (shaking, banging, throwing, dropping)
• Begin to use objects correctly (drinking from cup, brushing hair)
• Find hidden objects easily
• Look at correct picture when an image is named

 

2 year old- By their second birthday, most children:

• Walk alone
• Pull toys behind them while walking
• Carry large toy or several toys while walking
• Begin to run
• Kick a ball
• Climb on and off furniture without help
• Walk up and down stairs while holding on to support
• Scribble with crayon
• Build tower of four blocks or more
• Recognize names of familiar people, objects and body parts
• Say several single words (by 15 to 18 months)
• Use simple phrases (by 18 to 24 months)
• Use two- to four-word sentences (“want snack”)
• Follow simple instructions
• Begin to sort objects by shapes and colors
• Begin to play make-believe
• Imitate behavior of others
• Show growing independence